valproic acid/valproate: What is, what is used for, dose, side effects, brands

VALPROIC ACID/VALPROATE

Indications and usage
Important information
Before taking
How to use
While taking
Side effects
Brands

List of brands containing valproic acid/valproate

This page contains list of brands of authorized pharmaceutical specialties of the active principle valproic acid/valproate in the countries listed below:

[ Australia] [ Brazil] [ Canada] [ France] [ Germany] [ India] [ Italy] [ Japan] [ Mexico] [ Pakistan] [ Puerto Rico] [ Spain] [ Turkey] [ United Kingdom] [ U.S.A]

Given the nature of the pharmaceutical market, some specialties may be unavailable, have been removed from the pharmaceutical market or have changed its name. So that, in no case can take decisions based on the information contained in the page. MEDIZZINE is not responsible for any damage arising from the information provided, which may be incomplete or outdated.

Indications and usage ▲

Valproic acid belongs to the group of medicines called antiepileptic.

This substance is indicated in the treatment of different types of epilepsy in adults and children.

Valproic acid by injection should be reserved for unconscious patients and other situations where oral administration is not possible temporarily. It must be replaced by the most appropriate oral presentation as soon as possible.

The injectable form can also be used in those emergency situations where a rapid therapeutic induction is needed.

Medizzine recommends consulting your doctor if you are unsure (or you do not know) why you have been given valproic acid/valproate.

Gastro-resistant tablets: In addition to the active ingredient (sodium salt of valproic acid), the other ingredients (excipients) are povidone, calcium silicate, magnesium stearate, talc, macrogol 400, maize starch gluten-free, titanium dioxide, oxide yellow iron, diethyl phthalate and cellulose acetate phthalate.

Crono tablets: Each tablet contains 200 or 333 mg of sodium salt of valproic acid and 87 or 145 mg of valproic acid respectively. The other ingredients (excipients) are Copolymer of acrylic and methacrylic esters, ethyl cellulose, colloidal hydrated silica, hypromellose, macrogol 6000, talc, titanium dioxide and polyacrylate

Oral solution: The composition is 200 mg/ml of sodium salt of valproic acid. The other ingredients (excipients) are essence of bitter almonds, sodium saccharin, urea, and purified water.

Injectable solution: Each vial of powder for solution for injection contains as active ingredient 400 mg of sodium valproate. The solvent ampoule for solution contains 4 milliliters sterile water for injection. Once reconstituted, the solution contains a concentration of 100 mg/ml.

Warning:

The composition of the various presentations may vary from one country to another. We recommend you consult the information provided by your local supplier.

Important information ▲

This medicine in gastro-resistant tablets contains gluten-free corn starch.

Before taking the drug ▲

Do not use valproic acid/valproate

If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to valproic acid/valproate, to other medicines in the same group (ACE inhibitors) or any of the other ingredients of the medicinal product prescribed to you. If you think may be allergic, ask your doctor.

Allergy symptoms may include:

- Asthma attacks with shortness of breath, audible wheezing or rapid breathing.
- More or less sudden swelling of the face, lips, tongue or elsewhere in the body. It is especially critical if it affects the vocal cords.
- Hives, itching, rash
- Anaphylactic shock (loss of consciousness, paleness, sweating, etc.).

Nor you should take this medicine:

- If you currently suffer from any liver or pancreas disease.
- If you have previously experienced any liver disease.
- If any of your close relatives have a history of liver disease (hepatitis) severe, mainly due to a drug.
- If you have a family history of a fatal impaired liver function during treatment with sodium valproate.
- If you have liver porphyria (a metabolic disorder very rare).

Take special care with valproic acid/valproate

- Your doctor should check your liver function tests before you start treatment and periodically during the first 6 months, especially in patients at risk.
- If you (or your child) suddenly develop a disease, especially if it appears in the first months of treatment and particularly if it includes repeated vomiting, extreme fatigue, abdominal discomfort or pain, sleepiness, weakness, loss of appetite, pain in the upper stomach, nausea, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), swelling of the legs, worsening of epilepsy or generalized feeling of discomfort. In this case, you should consult your doctor immediately. In a very small number of patients, this drug can affect the liver or pancreas. The alteration of the liver function along with the alteration of the pancreas increases the risk of fatal outcome.
- If valproic acid is administered to children under 3 years and in school age and simultaneously are treated with other antiepileptic drugs in addition to this substance, or suffering from other neurological or metabolic disease and severe forms of epilepsy.
- If valproic acid is administered to children under 3 years, should especially avoid co-administration with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
- If you have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
- If you have any metabolic disorder, particularly inherited disorders due to enzymatic deficiency such as abnormal urea cycle, as there is a greater risk that the ammonium blood level increases.
- If you have an impaired kidney function or hypoproteinemia (decreased protein levels in the blood. In this case, your doctor may want to monitor levels of valproate in blood or do a dosage adjustment.
- If you have blood disorders (blood clotting or thrombocytopenia). Conducting an analytical test (CBC) is recommended before initiation of treatment or before surgery and in cases of spontaneous bruising or bleeding.
- If a weight gains at the beginning of treatment occurs.

Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medicine only for you. Never give it to someone else.

If in doubt, consult your doctor.

Taking other medicines

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, including herbal products or drugs obtained without a prescription.

It may be necessary to change the dose, or in some cases, discontinue one treatment. This applies to all types of drugs, but especially for:

Some medicines may alter the effect of valproic acid or vice versa. These drugs include:

- Neuroleptics (drugs used to treat psychological disorders).
- Medications used to treat depression.
- Benzodiazepines (drugs used to sleep or to treat anxiety).
- Other drugs used to treat epilepsy, including phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, lamotrigine, carbamazepine.
- Zidovudine (a drug used to treat HIV infection and AIDS).
- Mefloquine drug used to treat or prevent malaria).
- Salicylates (aspirin).
- Anticoagulants (drugs used to prevent blood clots).
- Cimetidine (a drug used to treat stomach ulcers).
- Erythromycin, panipenem and meropenem (antibiotics).
- Nimodipine, (a drug used in the treatment of cerebral vascular processes such as subarachnoid hemorrhage).
- Ethosuximide, felbamate (drugs used to treat epilepsy).

The activity of these and other medicines may be affected by valproic acid, or can directly affect the activity of this. It is possible that you need a different dose of medication or you may need to take a different medicine.

Use with food and beverages

The tablets should be swallowed whole without fractioning, chewing or crushing them with the help of a little water, preferably during the course of the meal.

It is strongly recommended DO NOT to drink alcohol.

Special physiological situations

Pregnancy and lactation:

Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking any medicine during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

In women receiving antiepileptic treatment, an unplanned pregnancy is not recommended. These women should use an effective contraception method and consult the doctor before planning a pregnancy.

Valproic acid does not alter the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

It is well known that epileptic women have a slightly higher risk of having children with an abnormality. The probability of abnormalities increases if the patient is taking other antiepileptic drugs at the same time.

This medication, if is administered during the first three months of pregnancy, can cause an increased risk of birth defects, such as spina bifida (a disease where the bones of the spine do not develop properly). However, fetal abnormalities can usually be detected in the first stage of pregnancy using appropriate diagnostic tests.

So if you are planning to become pregnant, it is essential that you discuss your treatment with your doctor. He may want to adjust your treatment and/or prescribe folate supplements daily. You should not stop taking valproic acid, unless your doctor agrees, since epilepsy can worse, which entails serious risks for you and the fetus.

Clotting problems may also occur in newborns of mothers who have received this drug during pregnancy.

Tell your doctor as soon as you know you are pregnant.

An unplanned pregnancy is not recommended in women who are being treated with AEDs. In order to receive proper guidance, consult your doctor before planning a pregnancy. This will allow your doctor to tailor the treatment and/or the dose and adequately control your pregnancy.

If you become pregnant while being treated with valproic acid, tell your doctor immediately.

Women breastfeeding should consult their doctor before using this medicine, since sodium valproate passes into breast milk in small amounts. Therefore, treatment with valproic acid during breastfeeding not generally pose a serious risk to the infant, so it is not usually necessary to stop breastfeeding. However, you should consult with your doctor whether to keep it or not.

Driving and using machines

Watch your response to medication because in some cases there has been a slight drowsiness or dizziness, especially when starting treatment or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs or benzodiazepines, at usual doses. If so, refrain from driving and operating machinery.

How to use valproic acid/valproate ▲

Follow carefully instructions of use of valproic acid/valproate provided by your doctor. Consult your doctor or pharmacist when in doubt. Follow the instructions of the physician in preference to those given in this website, which may be different. Ask your doctor to explain any aspect that you do not understand, contained in the instruction leaflet that comes with the medicine.

Your doctor will indicate the duration of your treatment with this medicine. Do not stop treatment earlier. Be sure to make regular checkups with your doctor. This is very important because the dose you are taking may need modifications over time.

Valproic acid is prescribed individually for each particular situation. You should strictly follow the treatment, never stop it without consulting your doctor. The doses are merely indicative. Each dose is a set based on some factors such as body weight, specific situation and the judgment and assessment of the case by the prescribing physician.

Infants and children (28 days to 11 years): The recommended dose is 30 mg/kg body weight.
Adolescents (12 years or older) and adults: The recommended dose is 20-30 mg/kg body weight.
Elderly (65 years or more): 15-20 mg/kg body weight
Patients with hepatic impairment: This medicine should not be given to patients with a severe liver disease.
Patients with renal impairment: Maybe your doctor has recommended lower than the dose indicated above. This is because people with kidney disease may need a lower dose of valproic acid.

The tablets should be swallowed whole with the help of a little water, preferably during the course of the meal; do not split, chew or crush them.

Try to take the medicine every day at the same time.

Intravenous valproic acid:

Unless better criterion of the specialist, in patients with treatment initiated orally, should be administered by continuous infusion, 4 to 6 hours after oral intake, following the same regimen already established, at a rate of perfusion between 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/h. In the remaining patients, the drug should be administered as a slow injection (3-5 minutes) at the rate of 400-800 mg depending on the body weight (15 mg/ kg), to continue after 30 minutes with a continuous infusion (1 mg/kg/h up to 25 mg/kg/day.

Infants and children: 20-30 mg/kg.
Elderly: 15-20 mg/kg.

This drug should only be administered while orally is not possible and should be replaced by the most appropriate oral presentation as soon as possible.

In no case will be administered by a route different than intravenous.

If you think the effect of the medicine is too strong or too weak, consult your doctor.

If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

While you take valproic acid/valproate ▲

If a doctor prescribes another medicine, tell you are taking valproic acid/valproate.

Check with your doctor regularly developments of disorder that motivates the use of valproic acid/valproate. Maybe there is some reason that prevented you properly receive the indicated doses and induce your doctor to erroneous conclusions about treatment.

Do not restart treatment with valproic acid/valproate at your own risk without first talking to your doctor, nor encourage its use by another person, even if have the same symptoms you have. Nor is it advisable to interrupt or reduce the dose without considering the opinion of your doctor.

If you feel unwell during treatment with valproic acid/valproate, immediately consult your doctor.

If you take more than you should:

An overdose of valproic acid can be dangerous. Symptoms poisoning include confusion, sedation or even coma, muscle weakness and loss of reflexes. For this reason, go to the nearest hospital where to treat symptoms and perform a cardio-respiratory monitoring.

In the case of overdose, tell your doctor immediately or go to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. Take the pack and the rest of unconsumed medicine.

If you forget to take valproic acid/valproate

If you forget a dose, wait for the next. But do not take a double dose to make up the missed dose.

If you stop taking valproic acid/valproate

Abrupt discontinuation of valproic acid without expressly indicating your doctor may be harmful to you, as it could trigger episodes with seizures and severe consequences.

If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Side Effects of valproic acid/valproate ▲

Like all medicines, valproic acid/valproate can cause side effects although not everybody gets them.

The frequency of side effects is classified into:

Very common: affect 1 out of 1-10 patients
Common: affect 1 out of 10-100 patients
Uncommon: affect 1 out of 100-1.000 patients
Rare: affect 1 out of 1.000-10.000 patients
Very Rare: affect less than 1 in 10,000 patients
Incidence not known: Can not be established the true incidence from the available data

Very common side effects

Gastrointestinal disorders pain, nausea, and diarrhea.

Common side effects:

Blood disorders: Low count of platelets (thrombocytopenia),
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: weight gain,
Hepatobiliary disorders: abnormal liver enzymes,
Disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue: hair loss (transient and dose-related).

Uncommon side effects:

Nervous system disorders: incoordination of movements (ataxia),
Disorders of liver function.

Rare side effects:

Blood disorders: anemia (decreased number of red blood cells) and decreased number of white blood cells (leukopenia),
Ear disorders: deafness.

Very rare side effects:

Blood disorders: clotting problems,
Metabolism and nutrition: decreased blood sodium (hyponatremia),
Nervous system disorders: worsening of mental function causing confusion and changes in intellect or reasoning (reversible dementia), reversible brain disorders characterized by tremor and difficulty with walking, movement and coordination, transient tremor and drowsiness, hyperammonemia (increased blood ammonia) that may be related to system nervous symptoms, hyperactivity or irritability (especially in children at baseline) . In isolated cases or associated with an increase in seizures during treatment have been reported cases of confusion that decrease after treatment discontinuation and dose reduction.
Gastrointestinal disorders: inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) which can be fatal,
Disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue: skin lesions and red spots, blisters and even scaling,
Kidney disorders: involuntary urination (enuresis), excessive removal of certain compounds through urine (Fanconi syndrome) leading to dehydration due to urinating more frequently.
General disorders: swelling of ankles, feet, and legs due to the accumulation of fluid (peripheral edema).

Other side effects (incidence not known)

Immune disorders: allergic reactions
Vascular disorders: vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels).
Reproductive system disorders: lack of menstruation (amenorrhea) and irregular menses

If any of the following serious adverse reactions occurs tell your doctor immediately, as you may need urgent medical attention:

- Strange behavior associated or not with a greater frequency or severity of seizures, energy loss, particularly if the patient is taking phenobarbital (medication used to treat seizures) simultaneously or when the dose of valproic acid has been increased suddenly.
- Repeated vomiting, extreme fatigue, abdomen pain, drowsiness, weakness, loss of appetite, severe pain in the upper stomach, nausea, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), swelling of the leg, and worsening of epilepsy or feeling of generalized malaise.
- Problems with blood clotting: the spontaneous appearance of bruises or bleeding.
- Peeling skin.

This medicine may also cause changes in the blood, which manifest with fever and difficulty in breathing.

This list does not include all adverse reactions associated with the use of valproic acid/valproate, both well established as those that are under consideration or confirmation. In case you feel unwell, should immediately consult with the doctor who prescribed this medicine.

If you notice any side effects not listed in this website or in the leaflet accompanying the package, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

If any of the side effects gets serious, tell your doctor or pharmacist.

List of brands containing valproic acid/valproate ▲

This page contains list of brands of authorized pharmaceutical specialties of the active principle valproic acid/valproate in the countries listed below:

[ Australia] [ Brazil] [ Canada] [ France] [ Germany] [ India] [ Italy] [ Japan] [ Mexico] [ Pakistan] [ Puerto Rico] [ Spain] [ Turkey] [ United Kingdom] [ U.S.A]

Warning:

With exceptions expressly indicated, these lists do not include active principle associations with other drugs or clinical use containers.

Australia: ▲

ALPHA-VALPRO 200 mg, tablets
APO-SODIUM VALPROATE 200 mg, tablets
APO-SODIUM VALPROATE 5000 mg, tablets
EPILIM 100 mg, crushable tablets
EPILIM EC 200 mg, tablets
EPILIM EC 500 mg, tablets
EPILIM IV 400 mg, powder for injection
EPILIM 200 mg/5 ml, sugar free liquid
EPILIM 200 mg/5 ml, syrup
SODIUM VALPROATE SANDOZ 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE SANDOZ 500 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE SANOFI 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE SANOFI 500 mg, tablets
VALPREASE 200 mg, tablets
VALPREASE 500 mg, tablets
VALPRO 200 mg, tablets
VALPRO 500 mg, tablets
VALPROATE WINTHROP 100 mg, crushable tablets
VALPROATE WINTHROP EC200 mg, tablets
VALPROATE WINTHROP EC500 mg, tablets
VALPROATE WINTHROP IV 400 mg, powder for injection
VALPROATE WINTHROP LIQUID 40 mg/mL, oral solution
VALPROATE WINTHROP SYRUP 40 mg/mL, syrup

Brazil: ▲

DEPAKOTE 250 mg, 20-30 tanlets
DEPAKOTE 250 mg, 20-30 tanlets
DEPAKOTE ER 500 mg, 20 extended release capsules
DEPAKOTE ER 500 mg, 20 extended release tablets
DEPAKOTE SPRINKLE 125 mg, 30 tablets
EPILENIL 250 mg, 25 tablets
EPILENIL 200 mg/5 ml, 100 ml syrup
TORVAL CR 300 mg, 30 controlled release tablets
TORVAL CR 500 mg, 30 controlled release tablets
VALPAKINE 200 mg, 40 tablets
VALPAKINE 200 mg/5 ml, 40 ml syrup
VALPAKINE 500 mg, 40 tablets
VALPRENE 250 mg/5 ml, 100 ml syrup
VALPROATO DE SODIO GERMED 250 mg/5 ml, 100 ml syrup
VALPROATO DE SODIO EMS 250 mg/5 ml, 100 ml syrup
VALPROATO DE SODIO LEGRAND 250 mg/5 ml, 100 ml syrup
VALPROATO DE SODIO UNIAO QUIMICA 250 mg/5 ml, 100 ml syrup
ZYVALPREX 250 mg, 20 tablets
ZYVALPREX 500 mg, 20 tablets

Canada: ▲

APO-DIVALPROEX 125 mg, tablets
APO-DIVALPROEX ECT 250 mg, tablets
APO-DIVALPROEX ECT 500 mg, tablets
APO-VALPROIC 250 mg, tablets
APO-VALPROIC 50 mg/ml, syrup
DEPAKENE 50 mg/ml, syrup
DEPAKENE 250 mg, tablets
DIVALPROEX SANIS HEALTH 125 mg, tablets
DIVALPROEX SANIS HEALTH ECT 250 mg, tablets
DIVALPROEX SANIS HEALTH ECT 500 mg, tablets
DIVALPROEX- PRO DOC 125 mg, tablets
DIVALPROEX- PRO DOC 250 mg, tablets
DIVALPROEX- PRO DOC 500 mg, tablets
DOM-DIVALPROEX 125 mg, tablets
DOM-DIVALPROEX 250 mg, tablets
DOM-DIVALPROEX 500 mg, tablets
DOM-VALPROIC ACID 250 mg, tablets
DOM-VALPROIC ACID 500 mg, tablets
DOM-VALPROIC ACID 50 mg/ml, syrup
EPIVAL 125 mg, tablets
EPIVAL 250 mg, tablets
EPIVAL 500 mg, tablets
MYLAN-DIVALPROEX 125 mg, tablets
MYLAN-DIVALPROEX 250 mg, tablets
MYLAN-DIVALPROEX 500 mg, tablets
NOVO-VALPROIC 250 mg, tablets
NOVO-VALPROIC 500 mg, tablets
PHL-DIVALPROEX 125 mg, tablets
PHL-DIVALPROEX 250 mg, tablets
PHL-DIVALPROEX 500 mg, tablets
PHL-VALPROIC ACID 50 mg/ml, syrup
PHL-VALPROIC ACID 250 mg, tablets
PHL-VALPROIC ACID E.C. 500 mg, tablets
PMS-DIVALPROEX 125 mg, tablets
PMS-DIVALPROEX 250 mg, tablets
PMS-DIVALPROEX 500 mg, tablets
PMS-VALPROIC ACID 250 mg, tablets
PMS-VALPROIC ACID 50 mg/ml, syrup
PMS-VALPROIC ACID E.C.500 mg, tablets
RATIO-VALPROIC 250 mg, tablets
RATIO-VALPROIC 500 mg, tablets
SANDOZ VALPROIC 250 mg, tablets
TEVA-DIVALPROEX 125 mg, tablets
TEVA-DIVALPROEX 250 mg, tablets
TEVA-DIVALPROEX 500 mg, tablets

France: ▲

DEPAKINE 200 mg, tablets
DEPAKINE 200 mg/ml, oral solution
DEPAKINE 400 mg/4 ml, injectable solution
IDEPAKINE 500 mg, tablets
DEPAKINE 50 mg/ml, syrup
DEPAKINE CHRONO 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DEPAKOTE 250 mg, tablets
DEPAKOTE 500 mg, tablets
DEPAMIDE 300 mg, tablets
MICROPAKINE L.P. 100 mg, extended-release sachets granules
MICROPAKINE L.P. 1000 mg, extended-release sachets granules
MICROPAKINE L.P. 250 mg, extended-release sachets granules
MICROPAKINE L.P. 500 mg, extended-release sachets granules
MICROPAKINE L.P. 750 mg, extended-release sachets granules
VALPROATE DE SODIUM AGUETTANT 400 mg/4 ml, injectable solution
VALPROATE DE SODIUM ARROW 200 mg/ml, oral solution
VALPROATE DE SODIUM ARROW L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM BIOGARAN L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM EG L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM GNR L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM MYLAN L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM QUALIMED L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM RPG L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM SANDOZ LP 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM TEVA L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM TEVA SANTE L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM ZENTIVA mg, tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM ZENTIVA 200 mg/ml, oral solution
VALPROATE DE SODIUM ZENTIVA 500 mg, tablets
VALPROATE DE SODIUM ZENTIVA L.P. 500 mg, extended-release tablets

Germany: ▲

CONVULEX 150 mg, capsules
CONVULEX 300 mg, capsules
CONVULEX 500 mg, capsules
CONVULEX 300 mg/ml, oral solution
DEPAKINE 300 mg/ml, oral solution
ERGENYL 150 mg, tablets
ERGENYL 300 mg, tablets
ERGENYL 500 mg, tablets
ERGENYL CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
ERGENYL CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
ERGENYL IV 100 mg/ml, injectable solution
ERGENYL 300 mg/ml, oral solution
ERGENYL 400 mg/4 ml, powder for injectable solution
LEPTILAN 150 mg, tablets
LEPTILAN 300 mg, tablets
LEPTILAN 600 mg, tablets
ORFIRIL 100 mg/ml, injectable solution
ORFIRIL 150 mg, dragees
ORFIRIL 300 mg, dragees
ORFIRIL 500 mg, tablets
ORFIRIL 600 mg, dragees
ORFIRIL LONG 150 mg, retard capsules
ORFIRIL LONG 300 mg, retard capsules
ORFIRIL LONG 500 mg, retard tablets
ORFIRIL LONG 1000 mg, retard tablets
ORFIRIL 300 mg/ml, oral solution
VALBERG PR 300 mg, retard tablets
VALBERG PR 500 mg, retard tablets
VALHEL PR 300 mg, retard tablets
VALHEL PR 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPRO AL 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPRO AL 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPRO BETA 150 mg, tablets
VALPRO BETA 300 mg, tablets
VALPRO BETA 600 mg, tablets
VALPRO BETA CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPRO BETA CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPRO BETA 300 mg/ml, oral solution
VALPRO TAD 300 mg, tablets
VALPRO TAD 600 mg, tablets
VALPRO TAD CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPRO TAD CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPRO TAD 300 mg/ml, oral solution
VALPROAT-1 A PHARMA 150 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-1 A PHARMA 300 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-1 A PHARMA 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT-1 A PHARMA 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT-1 A PHARMA 600 mg, tablets
VALPROAT ABZ 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT ABZ 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT ARISTO 300 mg/g, oral drops
VALPROAT ARISTO 300 mg, tablets
VALPROAT ARISTO 600 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-CT CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT-CT CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT DESITIN CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT DESITIN CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT WINTHROP CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT WINTHROP CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT-CT 150 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-CT 300 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-CT 600 mg, tablets
VALPROAT HEUMANN 300 mg, tablets
VALPROAT HEUMANN 600 mg, tablets
VALPROAT HEUMANN CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT HEUMANN CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT HEXAL 150 mg, tablets
VALPROAT HEXAL 300 mg, tablets
VALPROAT HEXAL 300 mg/ml, oral solution
VALPROAT HEXAL 600 mg, tablets
VALPROAT HEXAL CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT HEXAL CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT-NEURAXPHARM 60 mg/ml, oral solution
VALPROAT-NEURAXPHARM 150 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-NEURAXPHARM 300 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-NEURAXPHARM 600 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-NEURAXPHARM CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT NEURAXPHARM CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT-NEURAXPHARM 300 mg/ml, oral solution
VALPROAT-RATIOPHARM CHRONO 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT-RATIOPHARM CHRONO 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT RPH DR. LACH 150 mg, tablets
VALPROAT RPH DR. LACH 300 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-RPh DR. LACH 600 mg, tablets
VALPROAT-RPH 300 mg/ml, oral solution
VALPROAT SANDOZ 300 mg, tablets
VALPROAT SANDOZ 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT STADA 300 mg, retard tablets
VALPROAT STADA 500 mg, retard tablets
VALPRODURA 150 mg, tablets
VALPRODURA 300 mg, tablets
VALPRODURA 600 mg, tablets
VALPROINSÄURE-RATIOPHARM 150 mg, tablets
VALPROINSÄURE-RATIOPHARM 300 mg, tablets
VALPROINSÄURE-RATIOPHARM 600 mg, tablets
VALPROINSÄURE-RATIOPHARM 300 mg/ml, oral solution

India: ▲

ALPROTIC-CR 200 mg, controlled release tablets
ALPROTIC-CR 500 mg, controlled release tablets
D-VAL 250 mg, extended-release tablets
D-VAL 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DAYO-OD 500 mg, tablets
DEPAKOTE 250 mg, tablets
DEPAKOTE 500 mg, tablets
DESVAL-ER 125 mg, extended-release tablets
DESVAL-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DESVAL-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DESVAL-ER 750 mg, extended-release tablets
DESVAL-ER 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
DICORATE 500 mg, tablets
DICORATE-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DICORATE-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DICORATE-ER 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
DIEPIRATE 250 mg, tablets
DIEPIRATE 500 mg, tablets
DIEPIRATE 750 mg, tablets
DILEX 125 mg, tablets
DILEX 250 mg, tablets
DILEX 500 mg, tablets
DILEX-OD 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DILEX-OD 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DILEX-OD 750 mg, extended-release tablets
DILEX-OD 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
DIMORIL-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIMORIL-ER 750 mg, extended-release tablets
DIPRO-OD 500 mg, tablets
DIPROEX 125 mg, tablets
DIPROEX 250 mg, tablets
DIPROEX 500 mg, tablets
DIPROEX-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIPROEX-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIPROEX-ER 750 mg, extended-release tablets
DISORATE 250 mg, tablets
DISOVAL-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DISOVAL-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVAA 125 mg, tablets
DIVAA 250 mg, tablets
DIVAA 500 mg, tablets
DIVAA-OD 125 mg, tablets
DIVAA-OD 250 mg, tablets
DIVAA-OD 500 mg, tablets
DIVAA-OD 750 mg, tablets
DIVAA-OD 1000 mg, tablets
DIVALEX-OD 125 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALEX-OD 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALEX-OD 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALEX-OD 750 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALEX-OD 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALIN 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALIN 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALIN 750 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALIN 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALIN-OD 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALIN-OD 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALIN-OD 750 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALPRID-OD 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALPRID-OD 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALPRID-OD 750 mg, extended-release tablets
G DIVALPRO 125 mg, tablets
DIVALPRO 250 mg, tablets
DIVALPRO 500 mg, tablets
DIVALPRO-XR 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALRATE ER 125 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALRATE ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVALRATE ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVUNA-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVUNA-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVUNA-ER 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVUNA-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVUNA-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DIVUNA-ER 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
DRVEL-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
DRVEL-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
ELIVAL-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
ELIVAL-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
ELIVAL-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
ENCORATE 200 mg, tablets
ENCORATE 300 mg, tablets
ENCORATE CHRONO 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
ENCORATE CHRONO 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
ENCORATE CHRONO 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
EPILEX 200 mg, tablets
EPILEX 500 mg, tablets
EPILEX CHRONO 200 mg, tablets
EPILEX CHRONO 300 mg, tablets
EPILEX CHRONO 500 mg, tablets
EPIVAL 200 mg, tablets
EPIVAL 200 mg/5 ml, syrup
EPREA 250 mg, tablets
EPREA 500 mg, tablets
EPSOVAL 200 mg, tablets
EPSOVAL-XR 200 mg, extended-release tablets
EPSOVAL-XR 300 mg, extended-release tablets
EPSOVAL-XR 500 mg, extended-release tablets
GENVAL-OD 250 mg, extended-release tablets
GENVAL-OD 500 mg, extended-release tablets
KAYVAL 250 mg, tablets
KAYVAL 500 mg, tablets
MANOVAL 200 mg, tablets
MANOVAL 300 mg, tablets
NAVALIN 200 mg, tablets
NAVALIN 300 mg, tablets
NAVALIN 500 mg, tablets
PROEXSUN 250 mg, tablets
PROEXSUN 500 mg, tablets
PROEXSUN 750 mg, tablets
PROEXSUN 1000 mg, tablets
PROVAL-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
PROVAL-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
PROVAL-ER 750 mg, extended-release tablets
PROVAL-ER 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
ROETRIC 250 mg, tablets
ROETRIC 500 mg, tablets
SORIC 200 mg, tablets
SORIC 300 mg, tablets
SORIC 500 mg, tablets
TIKOPREX 250 mg, tablets
TIKOPREX 500 mg, tablets
TORVATE 200 mg, tablets
TORVATE 300 mg, tablets
TORVATE 500 mg, tablets
TORVATE 750 mg, tablets
TORVATE 1000 mg, tablets
TORVATE CHRONO 200 mg, extended-release tablets
TORVATE CHRONO 300 mg, extended-release tablets
TORVATE CHRONO 500 mg, extended-release tablets
TP VALPRO-300 mg, tablets
TREND-XR 125 mg, extended-release tablets
TREND-XR 250 mg, extended-release tablets
TREND-XR 500 mg, extended-release tablets
TREND-XR 750 mg, extended-release tablets
TREND-XR 1000 mg, extended-release tablets
TRIVAL-CR 100 mg, controlled-release tablets
TRIVAL-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
TRIVAL-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
TRIVAL-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VAL 200 mg, tablets
VAL FCD 500 mg, tablets
VAL XR 300 mg, extended-release tablets
VALANCE 125 mg, tablets
VALANCE 250 mg, tablets
VALANCE 500 mg, tablets
VALANCE 250 mg/5 ml, oral solution
VALANCE-OD 250 mg, tablets
VALANCE-OD 500 mg, tablets
VALANCE-OD 750 mg, tablets
VALANCE-OD 1000 mg, tablets
VALATE 200 mg, tablets
VALATE 500 mg, tablets
VALATE CHRONO 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALATE CHRONO 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALCOT-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALCOT-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALCOT-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALDIP 250 mg, tablets
VALDIP 500 mg, tablets
VALEP CHRONO 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALEP CHRONO 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALEP CHRONO 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALIMEP CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALIMEP-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALKID 100 mg/5 ml, syrup
VALNIX 300 mg, tablets
VALNIX 500 mg, tablets
VALP-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
VALP-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPARIN 200 mg/5 ml, oral solution
VALPARIN 100 mg, tablets
VALPARIN 200 mg, tablets
VALPARIN 300 mg, tablets
VALPARIN 500 mg, tablets
VALPARIN CHRONO 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPARIN CHRONO 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPARIN CHRONO 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPEX 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPEX 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPEX 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPOFIN-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPOFIN-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORATE CHRONO 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORATE CHRONO 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORATE CHRONO 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORIL 200 mg, tablets
VALPORIL CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORIL CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORIL CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORIS 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORIS 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPORIS 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPRET-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPRET-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPRET-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPRID 200 mg/5 ml, syrup
VALPRID-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPRID-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPRID-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPRID-CR 750 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPROL 200 mg/5 ml, syrup
VALPROL-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPROL-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPROL-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPROL-CR 200 mg/5 ml, syrup
VALPROMAX 300 mg, tablets
VALPROMAX-DS 500 mg, tablets
VALPROSYM-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALPROSYM-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALRATE-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALRATE-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALRATE-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALRIC 200 mg, tablets
VALTEC 200 mg/5 ml, oral solution
VALTEC 200 mg, tablets
VALTEC 300 mg, tablets
VALTEC 500 mg, tablets
VALTEC-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALTEC-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALTEC-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VALTEC-CR 300 mg, controlled-release capsules
VALTRIL 200 mg, tablets
VALTRIL 500 mg, tablets
VAPID-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VAPID-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
VEANA-CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
VEANA-CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
VEANA-CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
ZORAT 200 mg/5 ml, syrup
ZORAT CR 200 mg, controlled-release tablets
ZORAT CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
ZORAT CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
ZOREX-ER 250 mg, extended-release tablets
ZOREX-ER 500 mg, extended-release tablets

Italy: ▲

ACIDO VALPROICO SANDOZ 300 mg, extended-release tablets
ACIDO VALPROICO SANDOZ 500 mg, extended-release tablets
ACIDO VALPROICO/VALPROATO RATIOPHARM 300 mg, extended-release tablets
ACIDO VALPROICO/VALPROATO RATIOPHARM 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DEPAKIN 200 mg/ml , oral solution
DEPAKIN 100 mg, sachets modified-release
DEPAKIN 250 mg, sachets modified-release
DEPAKIN 500 mg, sachets modified-release
DEPAKIN 750 mg, sachets modified-release
DEPAKIN 1000 mg, sachets modified-release
DEPAKIN 200 mg, tablets
DEPAKIN 500 mg, tablets
DEPAKIN CHRONO 500 mg, tablets
DEPAKIN CHRONO 300 mg, extended-release tablets
DEPAKIN CHRONO 500 mg, extended-release tablets
DEPAKIN CHRONO 300 mg, tablets
DEPAKIN 400 mg/4 ml, injectable solution
DEPAMIDE 300 mg, tablets
DEPAMAG 200 mg, tablets
DEPAMAG 500 mg, tablets
DEPAMAG 10%, oral solution
VALPROATO SODIO ZENTIVA 500 mg, extended-release tablets

Japan: ▲

DEPAKENE 20%, fine gran
DEPAKENE 40%, fine gran
DEPAKENE 200 mg, tablets
DEPAKENE 5%, syrup
DEPAKENE-R 100 mg, retard tablets
DEPAKENE-R 200 mg, retard tablets
SELENICA-R 40%, retard gran
SELENICA-R 200 mg, retard tablets
SELENICA-R 400 mg, retard tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE AMEL 40%, extended-release gran
SODIUM VALPROATE AMEL 100 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE AMEL 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE AMEL SR 100 mg, retard tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE AMEL SR 200 mg, retard tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE EMEC 20%, fine gran
SODIUM VALPROATE EMEC 40%, fine gran
SODIUM VALPROATE FUJINAGA 40%, extended-release gran
SODIUM VALPROATE FUJINAGA 100 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE FUJINAGA 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE FUJINAGA 5%, syrup
SODIUM VALPROATE NICHI-IKO 5%, syrup
SODIUM VALPROATE TCK 100 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE TCK 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE TOWA SR 100 mg, retard tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE TOWA SR 200 mg, retard tablets
VALERIN 100 mg, tablets
VALERIN 200 mg, tablets
VALERIN 5%, syrup

Mexico: ▲

DEPAKENE 250 mg, 30-60 capsules
DEPAKENE 250 mg/5 ml, 100 ml syrup
DEPAKENE 100 mg/1 ml, injectable solution
EPIVAL 250 mg, 30-60 tablets
EPIVAL 500 mg, 30 tablets
EPIVAL SPRINKLE 125 mg, 60 capsules
EPIVAL ER 500 mg, 20-60 extended-release tablets
LEPTILAN 130 mg, 20 tablets
LEPTILAN 260 mg, 20 tablets

Pakistan: ▲

DIVALP 250 mg, tablets
DIVALP 500 mg, tablets
NEUROL-EP 250 mg, tablets
NEUROL-EP 500 mg, tablets
VALPORX 250 mg, tablets
VALPORX 500 mg, tablets
VALPORX 250 mg/5 ml, oral suspension
VALROX 500 mg, tablets

Spain: ▲

ACIDO VALPROICO G.E.S 100 mg/ml, injectable solution
ACIDO VALPROICO GENFARMA 100 mg/ml, injectable solution
DEPAKINE 200 mg, 40-100 tablets
DEPAKINE 200 mg/ml, 60 ml oral solution
DEPAKINE 100 mg/ml, injectable solution
DEPAKINE 500 mg, 20-100 tablets
DEPAKINE CRONO 300 mg 100 tablets
DEPAKINE CRONO 500 mg 100 tablets

Turkey: ▲

CONVULEX 300 mg, capsules
CONVULEX 500 mg, capsules
CONVULEX CR 300 mg, controlled-release tablets
CONVULEX CR 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
CONVULEX 150 mg, capsules
CONVULEX 50 mg/ml, syrup
DEPAKIN 200 mg, tablets
DEPAKIN 500 mg, tablets
DEPAKIN 50 mg/ml, syrup
DEPAKIN 400 mg/4 ml, injectable solution
DEPAKIN CHRONO BT 500 mg, controlled-release tablets
DEPAKIN 50 mg/ml, syrup
NAVARIN XR 300 mg, extended-release tablets
NAVARIN XR 500 mg, extended-release tablets
VALPOSIM 200 mg, tablets
VALPOSIM 500 mg, tablets

United Kingdom: ▲

EPILIM 100 mg, crushable tablets
EPILIM 200 mg, tablets
EPILIM 200 mg/5 ml, oral solution
EPILIM 200 mg/5ml, syrup
EPILIM 500 mg, tablets
EPILIM CHRONO 200 mg, modified-release tablets
EPILIM CHRONO 300 mg, modified-release tablets
EPILIM CHRONO 500 mg, modified-release tablets
EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 1000 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 100 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 250 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 500 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 50 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 750 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPILIM 400 mg/4 ml, injectable solution
EPISENTA 1000 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPISENTA 150 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPISENTA 300 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPISENTA 100 mg/ml, injectable solution
EPISENTA 500 mg, modified-release granules sachets
EPIVAL CR 300 mg, modified-release tablets
EPIVAL CR 500 mg, modified-release tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE A A H PHARMA 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE A A H PHARMA 500 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE A A H PHARMA 200 mg/5 ml, oral solution
SODIUM VALPROATE A A H PHARMA 100 mg/ml, injectable solution
SODIUM VALPROATE ALLIANCE HEALTHCARE 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE ALLIANCE HEALTHCARE 500 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE ALLIANCE HEALTHCARE 500 mg, modified-release tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE ALLIANCE HEALTHCARE 200 mg/5 ml, oral solution
SODIUM VALPROATE KENT PHARMA 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE KENT PHARMA 500 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE KENT PHARMA 200 mg/5 ml, oral solution
SODIUM VALPROATE WOCKHARDT 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE WOCKHARDT 500 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE WOCKHARDT 200 mg/5 ml, oral solution
SODIUM VALPROATE WOCKHARDT 100 mg/ml, injectable solution
SODIUM VALPROATE ZENTIVA 200 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE ZENTIVA 500 mg, tablets
SODIUM VALPROATE ZENTIVA 200 mg/5 ml, oral solution

U.S.A. and Puerto Rico: ▲

DEPAKENE 50 mg/ml, 473 ml oral solution
DEPAKENE 250 mg, 100 capsules
DIVALPROEX REMEDYREPACK 500 mg, 30 extended-release tablets
STAVZOR 125 mg, 100 extended-release capsules
STAVZOR 250 mg, 100 extended-release capsules
STAVZOR 500 mg, 100 extended-release capsules
VALPROIC ACID CARACO PHARMA 50 mg/ml, 473 ml oral solution
VALPROIC ACID CARDINAL HEALTH 250 mg, 10 capsules
VALPROIC ACID CONTRACT PHARMACY SERVICES 250 mg, 30 v
VALPROIC ACID HI-TECH PHARMACAL 50 mg/ml, 473 m ml oral solution
VALPROIC ACID MCKESSON 250 mg, 25-100 capsules
VALPROIC ACID MORTON GROVE PHARMA 50 mg/ml, 473 ml oral solution
VALPROIC ACID NCS HEALTHCARE OF KY 250 mg, 30-31 capsules
VALPROIC ACID PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATES 50 mg/ml, 473 ml oral solution
VALPROIC ACID PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATES 50 mg/ml, 5 ml single-dose oral solution
VALPROIC ACID PLIVA 250 mg, 100 capsules
VALPROIC ACID PRECISION DOSE 50 mg/ml, 30-50-100 5 ml single-dose oral solution
VALPROIC ACID PRECISION DOSE 50 mg/ml, 30-100 5 ml single-dose oral solution
VALPROIC ACID QUALITEST PHARMA 50 mg/ml, 118, 237 & 473 ml oral solution oral
VALPROIC ACID REBEL 250 mg, 100 capsules
VALPROIC ACID REMEDYREPACK 250 mg, 30 tablets
VALPROIC ACID TEVA 50 mg/ml, 480 ml oral solution
VALPROIC ACID UDL 250 mg, 80 capsules
VALPROIC ACID WATSON 250 mg, 30 capsules

Page updated: December 12, 2010.